Adverse drug reactions:

Adverse drug reactions are noxious or unintended effects produced by drugs. They may be classified as:

Type A: Augmented pharmacologic effects- Dose dependent and predictable.

Eg: Hypoglycemia caused by anti hyoerglycemic drugs like sulfonylureas

Type B: Bizarre effects (or idiosyncratic)- Dose independent and unpredictable

Eg: Allergic reactions caused by pencillins

Type C: Chronic effects

Eg: Peptic ulcer caused by chronic use of NSAIDs

Type D: Delayed effects

Eg: Teratogenicity caused by thalidomide

Type E: End of treatment effects

Eg: Withdrawal response to morphine

Type F: Failure of therapy. 

Q: Type A (augmented) adverse drug reactions are characterized by all except:

1. a) Qualitatively abnormal response to the drug
2. b) Predictable from the drug’s known pharmacological or toxicological effects
3. c) Generally dose dependent
4. d) Usually common

Ans: A