1. Which of the following organism is associated with juvenile periodontitis

a. A. acetemcomitans
b. S. sanguis
c. Prevotella
d. B. Forsythus

ANSWER a

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is the bacterium most commonly associated with this disease. The bacteria are often isolated from the subgingival, loosely adherent plaque inhabiting the pockets associated with the severe bone defects

2. Drug most effective in treatment of refractory periodontitis including localized juvenile periodontitis

a. Amoxicillin + metronidazole
b. Tetracycline
c. S. sanguis
d. Fusobacterium

ANSWER a

Antibiotics have also been shown to have value in reducing the need for periodontal surgery in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Systemic antibiotic therapy should be an adjunct to a comprehensive periodontal treatment plan. An antibiotic strength 500 times greater than the systemic therapeutic dose may be required to be effective against the bacteria arranged in the biofilms. Therefore, it is important to disrupt this biofilm physically so that the antibiotic agents can have access to the periodontal pathogens

Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) mostly involving Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitan scan be controlled or eradicated by systemic metronidazole-amoxicillin combination therapy.

Other antibiotics recommended for both localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis are Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Metronidazole, Amoxicillin + Clavulinic acid (Augmentin), Metronidazole + Amoxicillin.

3. Which of the following is not a secondary colonized of dental plaque

a. P. gingivalis
b. Bacteroides
c. S. sanguis
d. Fusobacterium

ANSWER c

4. Typical periodontal diseases associated with AIDS is

a. Acute necrotizing gingivitis
b. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
c. Linear gingivitis erythema
d. Acute ulcerative gingivitis

ANSWER c

Linear gingival erythema

• Linear gingival erythema is a Candida-associated lesion that has been described in HIV patients.
• It is characterized by linear erythematous lesions affecting the gingiva of the anterior teeth. It may not be accompanied by symptoms but in other patients it may be associated with discomfort and bleeding.
• It is believed to be due to subgingival colonization of Candida species in patients with an inadequate activity of polymorphic nuclear neutrophils.
• This lesion has been described as a predictor of immunosuppression in these patients
• Its possible association with C. albicans has always been controversial and currently due to the use of retroviral therapy its incidence has decreased considerably

5. Diameter of bristles used in soft tooth brush is

a. 0.007 inches
b. 0.012 inches
c. 0.014 inches
d. 0.010 inches

ANSWER a

Toothbrushes are classified as soft, medium, or hard based on the diameter of these bristles.

The diameter ranges for these classifications are 0.16 to 0.22 mm for soft, 0.23 to 0.29 mm for medium, and 0.30 mm and above for hard.

Toothbrush could also be categorized according to the bristle hardness, the diameter of commonly used bristles range from0. 007 inch for soft brushes to 0.012 inches for medium and 0.014 inches for hard brushes.