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1. During setting for ZnPO4, which element is most important:
- Zinc
- AI
- MgO
- PO4
ANSWER b
The setting reactions and resultant structure of zinc phosphate cements are largely based on the formation of hopeite (Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O) and/or zinc phosphate hydrate (Zn2P2O7·3H2O) when using orthophosphoric acid (OPA) cement-forming liquids. OPA solutions buffered with aluminum and zinc ion produced better mechanical properties than nonbuffer OPA solutions because of the formation of hopeite and an amorphous phase. Development of the crystalline forms of the phosphate hydrates of zinc and magnesium were retarded and/or prevented by the incorporation of aluminum and zinc ion in the cement-forming liquid.
2. Child of a mother who frequently took alcohol during pregnancy will have what pathology?
- Microcephaly
- Midface deficiency
- Treacher Collins syndrome
- Apert syndrome
ANSWER a
Microcephaly is a condition where a baby's head is much smaller than expected. During pregnancy, a baby's head grows because the baby's brain grows.
Types of Microcephaly
- Congenital microcephaly is present at birth or seen on a sonogram within 36 weeks of pregnancy.
- Postnatal microcephaly develops after birth, when the head does not grow at an expected rate. This type, also called secondary microcephaly, can be caused by damage to a child’s brain.
- Isolated microcephaly is when a small head and brain size are the only signs.
- Syndromic microcephaly is small head and brain size associated with one of many genetic syndromes that can include other symptoms.
Some of the causes
- Genetic abnormalities and genetic syndromes
- Brain injury before birth due to maternal:
- Infections, including toxoplasmosis, syphilis, Zika, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes viruses and chickenpox
- Exposure to radiation or toxins including tobacco, drugs and alcohol
- Lack of blood flow
- Stroke or hemorrhage
- Complications during labor and delivery
- Severe malnutrition after birth
3. Which of the following is not used as a retrograde filling material is periapical treatment:
- EBA
- Diaket
- MTA
- Endomethasone
ANSWER d
Indications
- Permanent root canal sealer.
Features & benefits
- Radiopaque for easy short & long-term follow up.
- Neither resorbable after setting nor retractable to allow stable root canal obturation.
- Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties to reduce post-operative flare ups.
4. A child infested with Hook worm will show what type of change in the blood profile?
- Eosinophilia
- Basophilia
- Neutrophilia
- Hypoprothrombinemia
ANSWER a
Eosinophilia raises suspicion of hookworm infection but non-specific. Systemic and mucosal eosinophilia is widely present in hookworm infections. It is detectable in the blood even before reaching the intestine and peaks after adult worms reach intestinal mucosa
5. A 54-year-old male suddenly develops pain in right ear, tongue, jaw and nasopharynx. Intraoral examination reveals asymmetry of right and left palatal halves. What is the diagnosis?
- Costen syndrome
- Trotters syndrome
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Horton syndrome
ANSWER b
Trotter's syndrome is a clinical triad of unilateral deafness, neuralgia affecting branches of the trigeminal nerve, and defective mobility of the soft palate, which is caused by malignant tumors involving the lateral pharyngeal recess (Rosenmüller's fossa)
