- NEED HELP? CALL US NOW
- +919995411505
- [email protected]
Past MCQ Physiology Part 3
1. Fe deficiency anemia shows
- Increases of transferrin saturation
- TIBC is increased
- Increase in transferrin receptor
- TIBC decreased
ANSWER b
Iron-deficiency anemia is diagnosed by blood tests that should include a complete blood count (CBC).
Additional tests may be ordered to evaluate the levels of serum ferritin, iron, total iron-binding capacity, and/or transferrin. In an individual who is anemic from iron deficiency, these tests usually show the following results:
- Low hemoglobin (Hg) and hematocrit (Hct)
- Low mean cellular volume (MCV)
- Low ferritin
- Low serum iron (FE)
- High transferrin or total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
- Low iron saturation
The peripheral smear or blood slide may show small, oval-shaped cells with pale centers. In severe iron deficiency, the white blood count (WBC) may be low and the platelet count may be high or low.
2. Microvilli in the intestine helps to
- Increase in cell surface area
- Counteract viral infection
- Increasing cell surface receptor
- Forming immunoglobulins
ANSWER a
- Microvilli are extensions of villi and are made of microfilaments and cytoplasm
- The abundance of microvilli is found in the small intestine.
- Their function here to is to increase surface area in order to increase the amount of nutrients that are absorbed.
3. Micelles are the bodies relates to
- Secretion of hormones
- Secretion of enzymes
- Absorption of minerals
- Absorption of fat
ANSWER d
- Micelles are lipid molecules that arrange themselves in a spherical form in aqueous solutions.
- The formation of a micelle is a response to the amphipathic nature of fatty acids, meaning that they contain both hydrophilic regions (polar head groups) as well as hydrophobic regions (the long hydrophobic chain).
- Micelles contain polar head groups that usually form the outside as the surface of micelles.
- They face to the water because they are polar. The hydrophobic tails are inside and away from the water since they are nonpolar.
- Fatty acids from micelles usually have a single hydrocarbon chain as opposed to two hydrocarbon tails.
- This allows them to conform into a spherical shape for lesser steric hindrance within a fatty acid.
- Fatty acids from Glycolipids and phospholipids, on the other hand, have two hydrophobic chains that are too bulky to fit into the a spherical shape as micelles do.
- Thus, they preferred to form glycolipids and phospholipids as "lipid bilayers"
- Micelles help the body absorb lipid and fat soluble vitamins. They help the small intestine to absorb essential lipids and vitamins from the liver and gall bladder.
- They also carry complex lipids such as lecithin and lipid soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) to the small intestine.
- Without micelles, these vitamins will not be able to be absorbed into the body which will lead to serious complications.
- Micelles also help clean the skin. Many facial washes use micelles to perform this task.
- They clean the skin by removing oil and other substances without the need of being washed afterward.
4. Movement of circular muscle in stomach is called
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Excretion
- Peristalsis
ANSWER d
- Peristalsis is the automatic wave-like movement of the muscles that line your gastrointestinal tract.
- Peristalsis moves food through your digestive system, beginning in your throat when you swallow and continuing through your esophagus, stomach and intestines while you digest.
- It's the mechanism that transports food and fluids through the digestive system.
5. Brunner’s gland in the mammalian gut are present in the submucosa of
- Stomach wall
- Ileum wall
- Duodenal wall
- Esophagus wall
ANSWER c
- Brunner's glands are located in the submucosa of the duodenum.
- They are multicellular glands which are found in the submucosa region.
- They secrete an alkaline fluid containing mucin, which protects the mucosa from the acidic stomach contents entering the duodenum
- The duodenal glands are known as Brunner's glands, named after the Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Brunner.
