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1. Mechanism of Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) for pain management of pain:
- Inhibitory neurotransmitter at spinal cord
- Adrenergic receptor stimulation
- Gating at spinal cord
- Supraspinal control
ANSWER C
Modulation of gate-control mechanism of pain serves as the rationale behind the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain relief.
This method uses electrodes to activate Aα and Aβ fibers near the injury.
2. In physiology viva, examiner asked to student “who recorded first human EEG? Student responded „I don't know‟. Examiner felt bad and decide to give him a hint, “the name rhymes with what you get at McDonald‟s” Then the student gave the right answer. Here, the student uses which type of memory:
- Priming
- Reflex
- Associated learning
- Declarative memory
ANSWER A
Priming is the facilitation of the recognition of words or objects by prior exposure to them and is dependent on the neocortex. Students answer “Hans Berger recorded the first human EEGs in 1924!!!”
Associative learning relates to classical and operant conditioning in which one learns about the relationship between one stimulus and another. This type of memory is dependent on the amygdala for its emotional responses and the cerebellum for the motor responses.
3. Formula for maternal mortality ratio is
- Total no. of Maternal deaths/Total no. of live births ×1000
- Total no. of Maternal deaths/ Total no. of pregnant women ×100000
- Total no. of Maternal deaths/Total no. of live births ×100000
- Total no. of Maternal deaths/ Total no. of women in reproductive age group ×100000
ANSWER C
Latest data says that- 97 per lakh live births
Significant Decline in the Maternal Mortality Ratio from 130 in 2014-16 to 97 per lakh live births in 2018-20
The maternal mortality ratio can be calculated directly from data collected through vital registration systems, household surveys or other sources.
4. What should be the minimum dose of tetanus antitoxin in body to provide optimal protection?
- 0.1 IU/ml
- 0.01 IU/ml
- 0.001 IU/ml
- 1 IU/ml
ANSWER B
The protective level of antitoxin required is 0.01 IU/ml serum throughout life.
5. Which of these require prevention to prevent spread through droplet infection?
- Measles
- Influenza (H1N1)
- Diphtheria
- Pertussis
ANSWER B
Influenza viruses such as H1N1 infect the cells that line your nose, throat and lungs. The virus spreads through the air in droplets released when someone with the virus coughs, sneezes, breathes or talks. The virus enters your body when you breathe in contaminated droplets.
