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1. Fishman’s index is used for
- Studying skeletal maturity
- Estimation of denture age
- Estimation of body surface area
- Studying chronologic age
ANSWER a
Skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) introduced by Fishman, an American orthodontist, in 1981 are widely used for the assessment of skeletal maturity in orthodontic patients.
Leonard S. Fishman in 1982 proposed a system for evaluation of skeletal maturation.
It uses anatomical sites located on the thumb , third finger , fifth finger and radius.
The fishman’s system of interpretation uses four stages of bone maturation:
| a. Epiphysis equal in width to diaphysis. |
| b. Appearance of adductor sesamoid of the thumb. |
| c. Capping of epiphysis. |
| d. Fusion of epiphysis. |
Eleven discrete adolescent skeletal maturity indicators covering the entire period of adolescent development have been described.
Epiphysis as wide as diaphysis
- Third finger-proximal phalanx
- Third finger-middle phalanx
- Fifth finger-middle phalanx
Ossification
- Adductor sesamoid of thumb
Capping of epiphysis
- Third finger distal- phalanx
- Third finger middle -phalanx
- Fifth finger middle-phalanx
Fusion of epiphysis and diaphysis
- Third finger distal -phalanx
- Third finger proximal- phalanx
- Third finger middle- phalanx
- Radius
2. Vertical height of face is measured by
- Boyle gauge
- Will’s gauge
- Boobs gauge
- All of the above
ANSWER b
A Willis Gauge is a tool used to measure the vertical dimension in millimeters between the maxilla and mandible.
3. Normal mandibular plane angle is
- 2-4degree
- 17-30 degree
- 45-90 degree
- 80-90 degree
ANSWER b
The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) is formed by the intersection of the Frankfort horizontal plane and the mandibular plane.
This angle can be traced and measured by means of a diagnostic overlay. An FMA of 25 +/- 5 degrees is within normal range.
4. Catalans appliance is used for
- Correction of anterior crossable
- Correction of deep bite
- Correction of posterior deep bite
- Open bite correction
ANSWER a
CATLAN’S APPLIANCE
Used only in those cases where the crossbite is due to a palataly placed maxillary incisors. (Constructed at 45degree angulations on the lower anterior teeth by acrylic or cast metal.
Disadvantages
- Difficulty in speech and chewing
- Patient co-operation required
- Required frequent recementation
- Catalan’s appliance also as an anterior bite plane.
- Cannot be given if mandibular incisors are maligned or they are periodontally compromised.
5. Facial profile of a child with a habit of thumb sucking
- Convex and long face
- Convex and short face
- Convex and short face
- Concave and long face
ANSWER a
Thumb or finger sucking habits are quite normal in infancy and early childhood.
Many children have these habits for their first few years of life and then stop
naturally on their own.
Sucking habits begin to cause developmental problems to the dental and facial
structures if they last beyond 3 years of age. If the sucking habit is excessive,
then dentist has to be involved
Appearance :
- A longer, convex, narrower, and flattened face shape is assumed.
- All of the structures have grown in downward patterns, as the jaw and mouth are constantly open to accommodate the thumb or finger.
- The jaw bones and cheek bones form to be much less prominent.
- A general ‘dull’ or sleepy appearance is common.
