1. Pathogenic bacteria may gain access to pulpal tissue through

A. dental caries.
B. traumatic injuries to teeth.
C. gingival recession that exposes dentinal tubules.
D. All of the above

Answer: D
INFECTIONS OF ODONTOGENIC ORIGIN
Dental caries are not the only means by which pathogenic bacteria have access to pulpal tissues. Dentinal tubules that are exposed due to gingival recession, cracks and fractures of enamel that extend into the dentin, micro-leakage around existing restorations, and traumatic injuries to teeth all provide pathogenic bacteria access to pulpal tissues. Accessory or lateral canals of the root canal system can be contaminated with bacteria when a periodontal pocket with its own pathogenic bacteria extends to their level. This can lead to pulpal necrosis of a tooth that is without caries or any prior restorations

2. Which of 2 nerves blocked when injection is given in pterygomandibular space?

A. Buccal & lingual nerve.
B. Lingual & inferior alveolar nerve.
C. Buccal & inferior alveolar nerve.
D. Buccal nerve & infra orbital nerve.

Answer: B

3. What percentage of odontogenic infections are comprised solely of anaerobic bacteria?

A. 6%
B. 22%
C. 50%
D. 77%

Answer: C
Bacterial infections in the oral and maxillofacial complex are usually polymicrobial in nature. Odontogenic infections composed solely of anaerobic bacteria comprise about 50% of all odontogenic infections, while mixed infections (both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria) account for 44%, and 6% feature only aerobic bacteria [9]. The most common bacterial species involved in odontogenic infections are anaerobic gram-positive cocci such as Peptostreptococcus and Streptococcus milleri. Gram-negative anaerobic rods such as Bacteroides (Prevotella) are also associated with odontogenic infections

4. Which of the following is not aprimary mandibular space

A. Submental
B. Buccal
C. Submandibular
D. Pterygomandibular

Answer: D
Primary mandibular spaces

• Submental
• Buccal
• Submandibular
• Sublingual

5. Osteomyelitis of the jaw can be cured by

A. Resection
B. hysiotherapy
C. Sequestrectomy with antibiotic treatment
D.Drainage

Answer: C

6. Ludwigs angina is charecterised by

A. Raised tongue
B. Elevation of ear lobe
C. Trismus
D. Unilateral swelling

Answer: A

Ludwig’s Angina is a massive indurated brawny cellulites, occurs bilaterally in the submandibular, sublingual & submental spaces. Infection is propagated by lymphatic spread or directly through submandibular space. Cellulitis is then rapidly spread to involve bilaterally the parapharyngeal and pterygoid spaces

7. The most dangerous type of spread of infection from apical abscess is to

A. Infratemporal fossa
B. Pterygoid
C. Parapharyngeal space
D. Submandibular space

Answer: C

8. Cavernous sinus thrombosis following infection of anterior maxillary teeth most often from spread of infection along

A. Facial artery
B. Angular artery
C. Ophthalmic vein
D. Pterygoid plexes

Answer: C
Infections may spread via hematogenous route to the cavernous sinus occurs from:

1- Anteriorly:

a) Superior labial venous plexus to
b) Anterior facial vein, then via
c) Superior or inferior ophthalmic vein into the cavernous sinus

2- Posteriorly: from retromandibular vein to the ptrygo- mandibular venous plexus, the emissary vein passing through foramen ovale, spinosum, to cavernous sinus

3- Superior petrosal sinus (inside the ear)

9. Which of 2 nerves blocked when injection is given in pterygomandibular space?

A. Buccal & lingual nerve.
B. Lingual & inferior alveolar nerve.
C. Buccal & inferior alveolar nerve.
D.Buccal nerve & infra orbital nerve.

Answer: B

10. 0nvolucrum is

A. Dead bone
B. New live bone surrounding dead bone
C. Previous live bone
D. Sclerotic bone

Answer: B