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Muscles of Pharynx And Larynx
The muscular basis of the wall of the pharynx is formed mainly by the three pairs of constrictors:
- Superior, middle and inferior
Longitudinal muscles are:
- Stylopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Salpingopharyngeus
LONGITUDINAL MUSCLES:
O: Origin
All the three are inserted as a conjoint sheath at the posterior border of thyroid cartilage and lateral aspect of epiglottis
BLOOD SUPPLY:
The arteries supplying the pharynx are :
- Ascending pharyngeal branch of the external carotid artery
- Ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of the facial artery
- Dorsal lingual branches of the lingual artery
- The greater palatine, pharyngeal and pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE:
Lymph from the pharynx drains into the retropharyngeal and deep cervical lymph nodes
MUSCLES ACTING ON THE LARYNX:
| MOVEMENT | MUSCLE |
| Elevation of larynx | Thyrohyoid, Mylohyoid |
| Depression of larynx | Sternothyroid, sternohyoid |
| Opening inlet of larynx | Thyroepiglotic |
| Closing inlet of larynx | Aryepiglotic |
| Abductor of vocal cords | Posterior cricoarytenoid |
| Adductor of vocal cords | Lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse & oblique arytenoids |
| Tensor of vocal cords | Cricothyroid |
| Relaxor of vocal cords | Thyroarytenoid & vocalis |
ARTERIAL SUPPLY:
Up to the vocal folds: By the superior laryngeal artery, a branch of the superior thyroid artery. The superior laryngeal vein drains into the superior thyroid vein.Below the vocal folds: By the inferior laryngeal artery, a branch of the inferior thyroid artery. The inferior laryngeal vein drains into inferior thyroid vein.
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE:
- Lymphatics from the part above the vocal folds drain along the superior thyroid vessels to the anterosuperior group of deep cervical nodes by piercing thyrohyoid membrane
- Those from the part below the vocal folds drain to the posteroinferior group of deep cervical nodes. A few of them drain into the prelaryngeal nodes by piercing cricothyroid
