1. Down’s syndrome is characterised by all of the following except,

a. Flat nose
b. Protruding tongue
c. Downward slanting of palpebral fissures
d. Simian crease

Ans: c

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down syndrome

Children and adults with Down syndrome have distinct facial features. Though not all people with Down syndrome have the same features, some of the more common features include:

• Flattened face
• Small head
• Short neck
• Protruding tongue
• Upward slanting eye lids (palpebral fissures)
• Unusually shaped or small ears
• Poor muscle tone
• Broad, short hands with a single crease in the palm
• Relatively short fingers and small hands and feet
• Excessive flexibility
• Tiny white spots on the colored part (iris) of the eye called Brushfield’s spots
• Short height

2. In iron deficiency anaemia, which is increased?

a. Total iron binding capacity
b. Transferrin saturation
c.Serum ferritin
d. Serum iron

Ans: a

Biochemical findings in iron deficiency anaemia:

• Low hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct)
• Low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
• Low serum iron and ferritin levels (best initial test)
• Low iron saturation
• Elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC) or transferrin
• Increased red cell distribution width (RDW)
• Decreased reticulocyte index

3. Greenspan lesion is?

a. Hairy leukoplakia
b. Lichen planus
c. OSMF
d. Geographic tongue

Ans: a

Greenspan lesion is a term for oral hairy leukoplakia, a viral lesion associated with HIV/AIDS that was discovered by Deborah and John Greenspan.

Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs usually in persons who are immunocompromised, especially those with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The white lesion, which cannot be scraped off, is benign and does not require any treatment.

In a classification of the oral lesions in HIV disease, OHL is grouped as “lesions strongly associated with HIV infection” (group I).

4. Most common salivary gland tumor?

a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
b. Warthin’s tumour
c. Pleomorphic adenoma
d. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Ans: c

Pleomorphic adenoma (or benign mixed tumor) is a common benign salivary gland neoplasm characterised by neoplastic proliferation of epithelial (ductal) cells along with myoepithelial components, having a malignant potentiality.

It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common tumor of the parotid gland. It is also known as “Mixed tumor, salivary gland type”, which refers to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements as opposed to its pleomorphic appearance.

5. All are actions of morphine, except?

a. Miosis
b. Tachycardia
c. bronchoconstriction
d. analgesia

Ans: b

Morphine: natural opioid analgesic

• Actions of morphine on CVS:
• Causes bradycardia due to stimulation of vagal centre
• Causes vasodilatation by depressing vasomotor tone as well as by histamine release
• Results in postural hypotension due to loss of vascular reflexes