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1. Arrange the following zones of the pulp from outer to inner layer in the correct sequence:
1. Odontoblastic zone
2. Cell rich zone
3. Cell free zone
4. Central pulp
- 1) 1324
- 2) 1234
- 3) 3241
- 4) 3214
ANSWER 1 (1324)
The correct sequence of zones of the pulp from outer to inner layer is:
- Cell free zone: This is the outermost layer of the pulp, also known as the zone of Weil. It contains fewer cells and more collagen fibers.
- Odontoblastic zone: This layer is located just beneath the cell-free zone and contains odontoblasts, which are responsible for the formation of dentin.
- Cell-rich zone: This is the middle layer of the pulp and contains various types of cells, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and immune cells.
- Central pulp: This is the innermost layer of the pulp and contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the tooth. Therefore, the correct sequence is 1324.
2. Which of the following is not found in the root?
1) Enamel
2) Dentin
3) Cementum
4) Pulp
ANSWER. 1 Enamel
- Enamel is not found in the root of a tooth. Enamel is the hard, outermost layer of the crown of a tooth, which covers the dentin.
- The root of a tooth is covered by cementum, which is a thin layer of hard, mineralized tissue that helps anchor the tooth in the jawbone.
- Beneath the cementum lies the dentin, which forms the bulk of the tooth and contains the pulp, a soft tissue that contains nerves and blood vessels.
3. Which vitamin deficiency is seen in chronic alcoholics?
1) Vit B12
2) Thiamine
3) Riboflavin
4) Vit A
ANSWER. 2 Thiamine
4. Knives used in gingivectomy are:
1) Merrifield and Orban
2) Merrifield and Kirkland
3) Kirkland and Orban #1 and #2
4) Kirkland and Orban #3 and #4
ANSWER. 3 (Kirkland and Orban #1 and #2)
Gingivectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion of the gingiva to eliminate periodontal pockets and create a more aesthetic appearance of the gingiva.
Several types of knives can be used in gingivectomy, but the most commonly used knives are the Kirkland knife and the Orban knife.
- The Kirkland knife is a sharp,
- Curved blade with a pointed tip,
- Orban knife is a sharp, straight blade with a slightly rounded tip.
- Both of these knives are designed to make precise incisions in the gingiva and to remove tissue with minimal trauma.
In gingivectomy, the Kirkland knife is typically used to make initial incisions in the gingiva, while the Orban knife is used to remove the excess tissue. Kirkland and Orban #1 and #2 are the most commonly used knives in gingivectomy.
The Merrifield knife is another type of surgical knife that is used in periodontal surgery, but it is not commonly used in gingivectomy. It is a small, straight knife with a pointed tip, and it is designed for delicate incisions in soft tissue.
5. Which of the following statements is incorrect for furcation defect?
1) Grade 3 defect is clinically visible.
2) Grade 1 can be visible radiographically as radiopaque.
3) In Grade 4 inter-radicular bone is completely lost.
4) In Grade 2 bone is attached to the dome of the furcation.
ANSWER. 1 (Grade 3 defect is clinically visible.)
The statement that is incorrect for furcation defect is "Grade 3 defect is clinically visible." In fact, Grade 3 furcation defect is not clinically visible and can only be detected by using a periodontal probe. The other statements are correct:
GLICKMAN CLASSIFICATION
Grade I: Incipient lesion. Suprabony pocket and slight bone loss in the furcation area.
Grade II: Loss of interradicular bone and pocket formation but a portion of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament remain intact.
Grade III: Through-and-through lesion.
Grade IV: Through-and-through lesion with gingival recession, leading to a clearly visible furcation area
