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Intra Canal Medicaments
“Instruments’ shape, irrigants clean.”
Introduction
- Every root canal system has spaces that cannot be cleaned mechanically. The only way to clean webs, fins and anastomoses is through effective use of irrigation solution.
- An agent used as an adjunct to be cleaning and shaping for prevention or treatment of apical periodontitis.
- Intracanal medicaments have a long history of use as interim appointment dressings.
An intracanal medicament is used to :
- eliminate any remaining bacteria after canal instrumentation;
- reduce inflammation of periapical tissues and pulp remnants;
- render canal contents inert and neutralize tissue debris;
- act as a barrier against leakage from the temporary filling;
- help to dry persistently wet canals
Desirable Requirements for an Intra canal medicament
- Prolonged Anti-microbial properties
- Effective germicide and fungicide
- Non irritating to pulpal tissue
- Remain stable in solution
- Have low surface tension
- Not interfere with repair of periapical tissue
- Non-staining to tooth
- Be capable of inactivation in the culture media
- Not induce immune response
Functions
- Destroy the remaining bacteria and limit the growth of new arrivals.
- In cases of apical periodontitis, for example, in cases of inflammation caused due to over instrumentation.
Indications
► Act as barrier against leakage from interappointment dressing
► Remove the Remaining micro organisms from the pulp space
► Dry the weeping canals
► Neutralize the tissue debris
Types of Intra Canal Medicaments
A. According to Grossman
- Essential Oils.
- Eugenol
- Phenolic Compound.
- Phenol
- Para Chlorophenol
- CPC
- Formocresol
- Glutaraldehyde
- Cresatin
- Halogens.
- Sodium Hypochlorite
- Iodides
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- 9-amino Acridine
B. According to DCNA
- Phenolics.
- Eugenol
- CMCP
- PCP
- CPC
- Metacresylacetate (Cresatin)
- Cresol
- Creosote (Beechwood)
- Thymol
- Aldehydes.
- Formocresol
- Gluteraldehyde
- Halides.
- Sodium Hypochlorite
- Iodine
- Potassium Iodide
- Steroids.
- Calcium Hydroxide.
- Antibiotics.
- Combinations.
Notes
- If root canal treatment is not completed in a single appointment, antimicrobial agents are recommended for intracanal antisepsis to prevent the growth of microorganisms between appointments.
- In the past, numerous antimicrobial agents have been used, provided relatively short- term antisepsis. These included traditional phenolic and fixative agents such as: camphorated monochlorophenol, formocresol.
- The current intracanal dressing of choice is calcium hydroxide. Studies have shown calcium hydroxide to be an effective antimicrobial agent.
