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1. Advantage of chromic catgut over plain?
- Delayed resorption
- Less tissue reaction
- More strength
- None of the above
ANSWER a
A surgical suture is one of the most common medical devices used by doctors during surgeries. The suture helps in holding body tissues together after a surgery or an injury. The application of a suture essentially involves the use of a needle along with an attached thread.
Sutures can be divided into two categories—absorbable and nonabsorbable.
Absorbable sutures may be either
- Natural (e.g., plain catgut, chromic catgut) or
- Synthetic (e.g., polyglycolic acid [Vicryl or Dexon], polydioxanone [PDS]).
Nonabsorbable sutures may be either
- Multifilament (e.g., silk, cotton) or
- Monofilament (e.g., nylon, polypropylene [Prolene], stainless steel wire).
Plain catgut is a natural suture material derived from the submucosa of sheep intestine or the serosa of cattle intestine.
Chromic catgut is a modification of plain catgut that is tanned with chromic salts to improve strength and delay dissolution.
Chromic gut is processed to provide greater resistance to absorption.
2. Incision not till full depth of dermis?
- Abrasion
- Contusion
- Laceration
- Puncture wound
ANSWER a
Abrasion
An abrasion occurs when your skin rubs or scrapes against a rough or hard surface. Road rash is an example of an abrasion. There’s usually not a lot of bleeding, but the wound needs to be scrubbed and cleaned to avoid infection
Laceration
A laceration is a deep cut or tearing of your skin. Accidents with knives, tools, and machinery are frequent causes of lacerations. In the case of deep lacerations, bleeding can be rapid and extensive.
Puncture
A puncture is a small hole caused by a long, pointy object, such as a nail or needle. Sometimes, a bullet can cause a puncture wound.
Punctures may not bleed much, but these wounds can be deep enough to damage internal organs. If you have even a small puncture wound, visit your doctor to get a tetanus shot and prevent infection.
Avulsion
An avulsion is a partial or complete tearing away of skin and the tissue beneath. Avulsions usually occur during violent accidents, such as body-crushing accidents, explosions, and gunshots. They bleed heavily and rapidly.
3. Length of cut>depth?
- Lacerated wound
- Stab wound
- Incised wound
- Abrasion wound
ANSWER c
4. pKa value of lignocaine
- 7.6
- 7.8
- 7.9
- 8.9
ANSWER c
pKa is the negative value of the logarithm of Ka.
pH is the logarithmic value of the inverse of H+ concentration. Indication of Acidity. pKa indicates whether an acid is a strong acid or a weak acid. pH indicates whether a system is acidic or alkaline.
NOTE
- In addition, the smaller the pKa value, the stronger the acid. For example, the pKa value of lactic acid is about 3.8, so that means lactic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
- As rate of diffusion across the nerve sheath and nerve membrane is related to the proportion of non-ionised drug, local anaesthetics with low pKa have a fast onset of action, and local anaesthetics with a high pKa have a slow onset of action.
- The pKa of all local anesthetics is >7.4 (physiologic pH), and therefore a greater proportion the molecules exists in the quaternary, water-soluble form when injected into tissue having normal pH of 7.4.
5. Blood supply of suprahyoid muscles are all except?
- Facial artery
- Maxillary artery
- Lingual artery
- Inferior alveolar artery
ANSWER b
The hyoid muscles are superficial muscles in the neck which attach to the hyoid bone. They are grouped according to their position to the hyoid bone, the suprahyoid muscles lie above the hyoid bone and the infrahyoid muscles lie beneath it. These muscles act to stabilise the trachea and play a vital part in swallowing and speech.
The suprahyoid muscles consist of four muscles:
- Digastric,
- Stylohyoid,
- Mylohyoid and
- Geniohyoid muscles.
These muscles contribute to swallowing and mastication, therefore they are commonly referred to as accessory muscles of mastication.
Arterial supply by
- All the suprahyoid muscles of the neck receive vascular supply from the branches of the external carotid artery.
- The anterior belly of the digastric muscle gets its blood supplied from the facial artery (submental branch).
- The posterior belly by occipital artery and posterior auricular artery.
- Geniohyoid receives supply via the lingual artery branches.
- The mylohyoid's blood supply is from the facial artery (submental branch) and inferior alveolar artery (mylohyoid branch).
