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DISEASES OF CHILD
I. GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE:
Discolouration of tongue making it look like a map hence Geographic tongue disease. On an affected tongue, red patches appear that are bordered by grayish white. On these red surfaces, the papillae are missing. Although it does not cause pain, it does contributes to feelings of numbness and tingling on the tongue.
CAUSES:
TREATMENTS: Treatment is unnecessary as because it does not pose a problem.However, it may be irritated by acidic foods.
CAUSES:
- Genetic predisposition
- Stress
- Excess consumption of processed food, spicy food and citrus
- Hormonal changes
- Deficiency in vitamins
- Allergy
- Asthma
TREATMENTS: Treatment is unnecessary as because it does not pose a problem.However, it may be irritated by acidic foods.
II. ERUPTIVE CYST:
An odontogenic cyst with histologic feature of a Dentigerous cyst that surrounds a tooth crown that has erupted through bone but not soft tissue and is clinically visible as a soft fluctant mass on the alveolar ridge.
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Circumscribed, translucent, fluctant swelling overlying the crown of erupting deciduous or permanent tooth. Purple or deep blue- Eruption hematoma
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Circumscribed, translucent, fluctant swelling overlying the crown of erupting deciduous or permanent tooth. Purple or deep blue- Eruption hematoma
- Usually painless
- No therapy is required
III. TETRACYCLINE STAINS:
Children who receive tetracycline during the period of calcification of the primary or permanent teeth show pigmentation due to the deposition of tetracycline calcium orthophosphate complex.
IV. DOWN'S SYNDROME:
It is an autosomal disorder which is caused by an error in the cell division that results in an extra 21st chromosome.
1:700 children
The condition leads to impairement in both cognitive ability and physical growth
FEATURES OF DOWNS SYNDROME:
Medications can be used to treat certain conditions that occur in people with Down's syndrome. While these medications help with their medical conditions, they do not have any effect on their syndrome.
At this point of time, there is no medicine to cure Down's Syndrome.
V. CEREBRAL PALSY:
Cerebral palsy is a non progressive lesion which occurs in the developing brain before, during or after birth. It is classified as:
VI. AUTISM:
Autism is an incapacitating disturbance of mental and emotional development that causes problems in learning, communication and relating others. This disease manifests itself during the first 3 years of life and is difficult to diagnose. It is believed to be caused by a physical disorder of the brain. The affected children will usually have IQ scores between 50-70(moron).The affected children will have multiple medical and behavioural problems that make dental treatment difficult. During provision of treatment the use of papoose board or pedi-wrap and preappointment conscious sedation are necessary sometimes.
â– The have poor muscle tone, poor coordination, drooling, hyperactive knee jerk, language disturbance, parrot like repetitive speech, extreme loneliness, aggressive or destructive behaviour to fearful situations, strabismus and 30% eventually develop epilepsy,
MCQs
1. Treatment of geograhic tongue:
a) Topical application of Nystatinb) Split tissue shaving
c) Pencillin therapy
d) No treatment
Answer: D.
Treatment is unnecessary for geographic tongue because it does not pose a problem.2. All of the following are common in children compared to adults expect one which is rare in children:
a) African Burkitt's lymphomab) Dentigerous cyst
c) Herpetic gingivostomatitis
d) Progonoma
