A 60 year old female is suffering from renal failure and is on hemodialysis since last 8 years. She developed carpal tunnel syndrome.

Mitral stenosis (MS) is characterized by obstruction to left ventricular inflow at the level of mitral valve due to structural abnormality of the mitral valve apparatus. […]

1. A hemophilia B patient needs a major surgery. Factor replacement should be done at what rate? a) 80-100 units/kg every 12 hours b) 80-100 units/kg […]

1. Suture with least adhesiveness to tissues and maximum plasticity is? a) nylon b) prolene c) polyglactine d) polydioxanone ANSWER b PROLENE Sutures (clear or pigmented) […]

Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which tissue that is similar to the lining of your intestine replaces the tissue lining your esophagus.

1. A 60-year old male patient with history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with the following: Hb:4.5g/dL. platelet count is 2 lakh/mm3 . TLC: 6000/mL, serum ferritin […]

Human germ cells (ova and sperms) contain 23 chromosomes (haploid or 1N) while all the nucleated somatic cells

Sjogren’s syndrome is a late onset chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and

It is a systemic infectious disease caused by an actinomycete, Tropheryma whippelii affecting the triad of small intestine, CNS and joints.

It is an autoimmune disorder (type II hypersensitivity reaction) having the presence of antibodies against non-collagenous domain

Bronchial carcinoids are derived from enterochromaffin cells within the lung," and enterochromaffin cells are APUD cells." Thus tumors derived from these cells are apudomas.

Gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in your joint, causing the inflammation and intense pain of a gout attack. Urate crystals can form when you have […]

Prions are infectious proteins that cause degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS).

Aspartate transaminase (AST) : 5- 12 units/ml. Its value increases in abscess, cerebral hemorrhage and infarction and in primary or metastatic malignant disease.

Mitral valve prolapse, also known as Barlow syndrome, is a type of heart valve disease in which the flaps (also called leaflets or cusps) of the mitral valve become enlarged or stretched.

Formerly classified as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, this species was subsequently named Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, and is now known as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. It is a major pathogen in juvenile […]

The role played by Major Histocompatibility Complex 1 and 2

Hypersensitivity is defined as an exaggerated or inappropriate state of normal immune response

1. Which of the following is a negative stain? (a) Fontana (b) ZN stain (c) Nigrosin (d) Albert stain ANSWER c Negative staining is a technique […]

Has been defined as “an infectious disease resulting in inflammation with in supporting tissues of the teeth

Image Receptor and Patient Placement The image receptor is positioned parallel to patient’s transverse plane and perpendicular to the midsagittal and coronal planes. To achieve this, […]

Image Receptor and Patient Placement The image receptor is placed in front of the patient and perpendicular to the midsagittal plane. The patient’s head is tilted […]

Obesity is defined as an excess of adipose tissue that imparts health risk; a body weight of 20% excess over ideal weight for age, sex and […]

1. Which of the following organism is associated with juvenile periodontitis a. A. acetemcomitans b. S. sanguis c. Prevotella d. B. Forsythus ANSWER a Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans […]

PET is a more advanced imaging modality in nuclear medicine. PET, which is reported to have a sensitivity nearly 100 times that of a gamma camera, […]

Dens evaginatus is the result of an outpouching of the enamel organ

Conventional tomography is a radiographic technique, usually using film, designed to

Dilaceration is a disturbance in tooth formation that produces a sharp bend or curve in the tooth

A radiographic review

Projection images, those that project a three-dimensional volume

Koplik spots are seen with measles

Measles is a highly communicable acute viral disease

It is an in vitro growth of cells although the cells proliferate they do not organize

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was originally developed in 1983 by the American biochemist Kary Mullis

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is similar to viruses of Flaviviridae family, which includes HCV

Haemangiomas are quite common lesions, especially in infancy and childhood

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations that commonly affects

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative disease caused by anaerobic bacteria, Actinomycetes israelii.

Which of the following is true regarding cryptosporidial infection?

1. Hepatitis E virus causes which of the following a. Chronic liver diseases b. Cirrhosis of liver c. Chronic renal failure d. Acute liver failure ANSWER […]

A wedge is a piece of wood, metal, or other material with a sharply angled border created by double covering surfaces that is used to tighten […]

Whooping cough is a highly communicable acute bacterial disease of childhood caused by Bordetella pertussis. The use of DPT vaccine has reduced the prevalence of whooping […]

Normal structure The thymus gland is a complex lymphoreticular organ lying buried within the mediastinum. At birth, the gland weighs 10-35 gm and grows in size […]

Reduction of the number and size of parenchymal cells of an organ or its parts which was once normal is called atrophy. CAUSES. Atrophy may occur […]

Necrosis is defined as a localised area of death of tissue followed by degradation of tissue by hydrolytic enzymes liberated from dead cells; it is invariably […]

The strides made in the latter half of 20th century until the beginning of 21st century have made it possible to study diseases at molecular level, […]

Inflammation is defined as the local response of living tissues to injury due to any agent. Inflammation, a process by which the body’s immune system malfunctions. […]

Hemophilia is a common hereditary coagulation blood disorder due to deficiency or reduced activity of clotting factor VIII or clotting factor IX. This disorder is a […]

Definition Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical complex characterized by a number of renal and extrarenal features, most prominent of which are Proteinuria (in practice > 3.0 […]

1. Endotoxic shock is initiated by a. Peripheral vasodilation b. Injury to endothelial cells c. Inadequate blood volume d. Failure of myocardial pump ANSWER b Endotoxic […]

1. Down syndrome associated with mental retarding is seen in all of the following genotypes except a. Trisomy 21 b. Delete 21 c. Robersonian translocationd. Mosaicism […]

A type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to its death. Apoptosis is a Greek word that refers […]