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1.Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium is mainly by:
- Ca2+
- Phosphate
- Bicarbonate
- Protein
ANSWER D
The Gibbs–Donnan theory describes the equilibrium conditions for ion solutions separated by a permselective (semipermeable) membrane when one of the solutions contains species that cannot pass through the membrane (nonpermeating charge), which distorts the distribution of permeating ions on the two sides of the membrane.
Donnan and Gibbs showed that in the presence of a non-diffusible ion (protein), diffusible ions distributes themselves differentially at equilibrium.
2.Which of the following hormone have intracellular receptor:
- Thyroxin
- Glucagon
- Epinephrine
- Parathormone
ANSWER A
Thyroxin has intranuclear receptor. All others hormones in this option have membrane receptors.
3.Rubber gloves discarded in
- Red bag
- Blue bag
- Yellow bag
- White bag
ANSWER A
4. Glassgow Coma scale is
- Nominal scale
- Ordinal scale
- Ratio scale
- Interval scale
ANSWER B
The ordinal scale is the 2nd level of measurement that reports the ordering and ranking of data without establishing the degree of variation between them. Ordinal represents the “order.” Ordinal data is known as qualitative data or categorical data.
5. Diphtheria vaccine type
- Live vaccine
- Killed vaccine
- Toxoid
- Recombinant vaccine
ANSWER A
Toxoid vaccines use a toxin (harmful product) made by the germ that causes a disease. They create immunity to the parts of the germ that cause a disease instead of the germ itself. That means the immune response is targeted to the toxin instead of the whole germ.
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are generally given together as Td in adults and as DT or DPT (a combination that includes vaccine directed against pertussis) in children. DT and Td differ because of the lower concentration of diphtheria toxoid in the preparation for adults.
6. Which of these is possible use of serum antibody testing in a patient affected with COVID 19?
- To know the duration of disease
- To identify previous infection in asymptomatic patient
- To quantify viral load in patient
- To identify the type of antigen responsible for disease
ANSWER B
7. Which of the following is the best for post exposure prophylaxis of HIV due to needle prick injury?
- Zidovudine + Lamivudine
- Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Indinavir
- Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine
- Zidovudine + Nevirapine
ANSWER A
8. Biosafety level of Covid 19 lab?
- BSL 1
- BSL 2
- BSL 3
- BSL 4
ANSWER D
