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Repeated questions on topic tongue anatomy
1. Which Papillae are right anterior to sulcus terminals?
- Foliate
- Vallate
- Fungiform
- Filiform
ANSWER. B
Vallate Papillae
- Largest (1-2 mm in diameter).
- Location- In front of sulcus terminalis in a ‘V’shaped row.
- Shape- Truncated cone.
- Each papilla is surrounded by a circular sulcus.
- Circular sulcus is bounded on its periphery by a wall (vallum).
- Ducts of several salivary glands open in the circular sulcus.
- Taste buds are present in the papilla and its vallum.
2. Which of the only muscles of the tongue is innervated by the vagus nerve ?
- Styloglossus
- Genioglossus
- Palatoglossus
- Hyoglossus
ANSWER. C
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X).
3. Chorda tympani is branch of which cranial nerve ?
- Vestibulocochlear
- Facial
- Glossopharyngeal
- Hypoglossal
ANSWER. B
Taste in the anterior 2/3 supplied from the facial nerve (CNVII). In the petrous part of the temporal bone, the facial nerve gives off three branches, one of which is chorda tympani. This travels through the middle ear, and continues on to the tongue.
4. Protrusion of tongue is brought out by
- Genioglossus
- Intrinsic muscles of tongue
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
ANSWER. A
Genioglossus
- The genioglossus muscle is a large, thick muscle, which contributes significantly to the shape of the tongue.
- The genioglossus muscle is a fan-shaped muscle that is involved in forming most of the tongue mass.
- The genioglossus muscle divides into four main parts:
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Middle
- Inferior
- These portions are separated by the macro fibers that form bundles of muscular fibers.
- ATTACHMENT - Arises from the mandibular symphysis. It inserts onto the body of the hyoid bone and the entire length of the tongue.
- FUNCTION-Protrusion (‘sticking the tongue out’) and depression of the tongue.
- The genioglossus muscle is a fan-shaped muscle that is involved in forming most of the tongue mass. It emerges from the superior mental spines and inserts on the hyoid bone as well as the inferior portion of the tongue.[1] The genioglossus muscle divides into four main parts:
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Middle
- Inferior
- These portions are separated by the macro fibers that form bundles of muscular fibers.
- It also aids in swallowing as it will create a passage to the GIT.
- When the left and right genioglossus muscles act together, they will depress the middle part of the tongue.
- Specific parts of the genioglossus muscle are responsible for each of these important functions.
- For example the anterior bundle of the genioglossus muscle is the portion of the muscle that is directly involved in protrusion of the tongue in the down and forward direction.
- Whereas the inferior and posterior aspect of the muscle is responsible for moving the base of the tongue forward and elevating the core portion of the tongue as well.
- The middle part of the muscle is specifically responsible for allowing the tongue to leave the oral cavity and protrude outwards.
- When all of these specific areas of the genioglossus tongue act cohesively with one another, then the functions above can be completed.
5. Hypoglossal nerve supplies to all the following muscles except
- Palatoglossus
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
ANSWER. A
6. Which of the papillae are numerous of all in number ?
- Filliform
- Fungiform
- Foliate
- Vallate
ANSWER. A
Filiform Papillae
- SHAPE: Thin, long papillae having pointed ends
- Only papillae having no taste buds
- NUMBER: numerous
- These papillae are mechanical and not involved in gustation
- Identified by increased keratinization
- LOCATION: Present at pre-sulcal area of the tongue
