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THE SCALP
The soft tissues covering the cranial vault
EXTENT OF SCALP
- Anteriorly : supraorbital margins
- Posteriorly : external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line
- Each sides : superior temporal line
LAYERS OF SCALP
5 LAYERS- Skin
- Connective tissue(superficial fascia)
- Aponeurosis(deep fascia)
- Loose areolar tissues
- pericranium
ARTERIAL SUPPLY
5 sets of arteries on each side of scalp
- 3 in front of auricle
- 2 behind the auricle
- Out of 5,2 arteries (indirectly) from ICA
- 3 arteries (directly from ECA
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF SCALP
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
NERVE SUPPLY
APPLIED ANATOMY
- Black eye
- Blow on skull
- Collection of blood in the sub aponeurotic space
- Blood slowly gravitates into the eye lids becausethe frontalis has no bony attachments
- Scalp lacerations
- Sebaceous cysts
- Gaping wounds
- Cephalheamatoma
- Bone flaps
- Caput succedaneum
- Safety valve mechanism
- Dangerous area of scalp
The emissary veins do not have valves and open in the loose areolar tissue; therefore, infection can be transmitted from the scalp to the cranial cavity. The layer of loose areolar tissue is known as the dangerous area of the scalp
MCQs
1. Scalp is made up of;
a. three layers
b. four layers
c. five layers
d. six layers
Answer (C)
1. Skin
2. Connective tissue(superficial fascia)
3. Aponeurosis(deep fascia)
4. Loose areolar tissues
5. pericranium
2. Connective tissue(superficial fascia)
3. Aponeurosis(deep fascia)
4. Loose areolar tissues
5. pericranium
2. Scalp is commonest site for;
a. Sebaceous cysts
b. Berry eneurysms
c. both
d. none
Answer A
3. Arteries supplying scalp in front of auricle are all except;
a. Supratrochlear arteryb. supraorbital artery
c. superficial temporal artery
d. Auriculo-temporal artery
Answer D
4. Dangerous area of scalp is;
a. Connective tissue layer
b. loose areolar tissue layer
c. epicranial aponeurosis
d. pericranium
(Answer B)
The emissary veins do not have valves and open in the loose areolar tissue; therefore, infection can be transmitted from the scalp to the cranial cavity. The layer of loose areolar tissue is known as the dangerous area of the scalp
